Exercise of Sustainable Development with Solutions of Social Studies.
1. Explain in short about sustainable development?
Answer: Raising the condition of a place or
the country prioritizing both aspects like development and environment with
wise and sensible consumption of natural resources of the earth is called
sustainable development
2. State the goal of sustainable development.
Answer: Its goals are: alleviating poverty
through higher and stable economic achievement, environmental protection
through sensible and wise consumption of natural resources, emphasis universal
aspects of human development.
3. What do you mean by Brundtland Commission?
Answer: Bruntdland Commission is a United
Nation's authorized commission to work out on the issues of environment and development
which submitted a report entitled 'Our Common Future' at the UN's 42 General
convention in 1987.
4. State the Nepal's agenda for sustainable development, 2060.
Answer: The overall goal of sustainable
development is to mitigate poverty by availing fundamental means to at least
the present citizens and future generation, as well as actively generate and
create opportunities in social, economic, political, cultural and ecological
sectors.
5. On what things should we care for sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development is a very
sensitive thing. Accountability from everybody is very essential. Following
things should be done for sustainable development:
i.
Emphasis
should be given on plantation of trees, their protection along with environment
ii.
The
state should initiate on the use of alternative and renewed energy sources.
iii.
The
massive exploitation of stones, sand should be stopped from the rivers.
iv.
Control
and awareness programmes should be strongly adopted to control population.
v.
Unplanned
and random construction of roads or other similar projects should be strongly
discouraged.
6. Mention the advantages of sustainable development.
Answer: The result of sustainable
development is obviously positive. It can make a lot of social, economic and
environmental impacts. Following are the advantages:
i.
Environment
is well-protected because of it.
ii.
Future
generation gets secured.
iii.
It
helps to achieve means and resources, generate it regularly and its
conservation.
iv.
It
supports on equal and wise distributions of means and resources.
v.
It
helps for the huge economic attainment.
vi.
It
is supportive in recycling, reusing and renewing of means and their promotion.
7. What aspects should be focused while conducting any project according to the concept of sustainable development?
Answer: According to the concept of
sustainable development, while launching any projects, following sectors should
be focused on
i.
Social/
Cultural
ii.
Economic
iii.
Environmental
iv.
Political
v.
Humanitarian
vi.
Administrative
8. What do you think should be done by Nepal for sustainable development?
Answer: Nepal is a developing country.
There are illiterate and unaware people as well.
As such, following things should be done for
sustainable development:
i.
The
state should be very sensible towards making appropriate policies, law and
order and maintaining it.
ii.
There
should be strong and efficient mechanism to properly plan and execute between
development and environment.
iii.
Everybody
should be trained, taught and encouraged for making wiser way of reusing,
recycling and renewing of energy sources.
iv.
Inappropriate
exploitation of natural resources should be prohibited and stopped.
9. Present a model of a plan you make for a development project that is going to be conducted in your locality with the concept of sustainable development.
Answer:
Model of a plan
Name of the
project: Lew River Mini Hydro-Project
Location
Site Chisapani Village Development Committee Lodiya, Ilam
Investor
Company: Shree Antu Developers and Mai Valley Developers Co Ltd. (Jointly) s
Hydro-Project
capacity: 2.5 Mw
Estimated
amount: 50 Million.
Targeted
duration of completion: 3.5 years (if not affected by political impacts and
natural disasters)
Targeted
beneficiaries:
surrounding 20 VDCs
Possible
impacts on environment: The utilization of existing local road need to be expanded for which
few trees stretching on the way of around 5 km have to be cut off; similarly
stones and sand deposited in the nearby local river will be exploited for the
infrastructure construction like roads, dams, power house and office buildings,
people and minor wild animals in the nearby jungle may be affected by dust and
noise pollution until completed. Facilities ensured for the people: The local
people will be assured with around 10 % of ordinary shares of the total
investment; the skilled and unskilled manpower would be given preference in
technical and administrative sector with prior trainings.
Mitigatory
measures: Utmost
preference would be given to ensure lesser environmental damage, as all the
technical, legal, social, economic issues aspects have been passed by the
government of Nepal. The team of engineers has regularly been mobilized for
instruction, inspection and supervision. Prospect of this project: The place is
close to terai, huge amount of cultivation is done by the people, so rice mills
and oil mills can run there. Similarly there are two tea factories, which will
run effectively never running short of energy.
10. Unmanaged development causes nothing than destruction' clarify this statement with examples discussing among the group.
Answer: Development is a dynamic process, and
it is essential. The growing population and development should go
simultaneously. Development enhances our lives to modified condition. Out of
various types of infrastructural development, construction of roadways,
hydro-electricity, cable car, bridges etc. are especially considered sensitive
because physical environment is directly affected with human and wild lives.
One should
always be aware that development is not a matter of overnight change. There are
various processes to be conducted before any developmental work is executed.
Proposal making, funding and budgeting, accumulating necessary documents,
technical survey, acquiring approval from the concerned government authority
etc are inevitable preliminary processes. If anyone ignores these minimum
requirements and makes haste with unsystematic approach, there is nothing than
to regret. For a wider network between village and towns or cities roadways is
very important. Without regular surveys, instruction and supervision of the
engineers and technicians, the opening of the tracks would be disastrous. They
adopt the idea of damaging fewer trees. It may be more sensitive in especially hilly
and Himalaya areas. Doing it systematically would have less impact of
landslide. Systematic and well-managed developmental process results to
sustainable development with positive outcomes.
11. Describe the objectives of Sustainable Development.
Answer: The objectives of sustainable
development are described below.
a. To
support in poverty alleviation is an objective of sustainable development. As
it encourages for proper use of means and resources, it strengthens the earning
of the people. lt also generates more employment opportunities for the commons.
b. To
develop and progress in humanity means that humanitarian essence is established
among the groups of people divided on the basis of caste, creed, culture,
spatial resources etc. due to appropriate consumption of natural resources.
Right cultural practices are brought in where there is prosperity.
c. Good
relation between means and resources and humans makes development. To make sure
for effective conversation of environment, there should be public involvement
in every affair.
d. To make
optimum consumption of available means and resources reduces environmental
hazards.
12. Compose a conversation held between two friends on 'the essence of sustainable development.
Answer: (Two friends of a village and the
same school planned to visit the nearby built hydro-project)
Ravi: Hello Hari, are you ready for our
plan?
Hari: Of course, I had the meal and
heading to meet you to visit the site as we planned.
(Walking down for around half an hour they
come to the hydro-power building site)
Hari: Ravi, this place is so wonderful,
full of heavy vehicles, too many people working in group. Look, the flow of the
river has been changed to other side. Our village is getting a new life with
the construction of wider road.
Ravi: It is good, but you see so many trees
got wasted around, our teacher had said that cutting off trees would cause
landslide in the monsoon season.
Hari: That is; right, but when I heard my
father and other neighbours speaking, I learnt that this project doesn't only
bring change in our lives but it is doing its best to conserve environment too.
The engineers are too conscious for it. And Ravi, do you think that without
cutting off few trees, construction of roads or hydro-power become completed?
Ravi: Yes, my concern is both on
development and protection of environment. I am not against development. My
opinion is that caring of environment is a foremost preference. There should
not be any haphazard use of means and resources.
Hari: We should also be very conscious
regarding the conservation of environment. We should also show initiatives to
do replantation when we cut down the trees. But we have also seen that many
river banks in some areas of the hills and terai have been exploited unwisely
that may cause serious problems in the future. Likewise; in the name of commercialization,
the use of pesticides and insecticides have damaged the natural productive
power of the land as well as our health.
Ravi: In fact, this should be our concern.
The modern world should be very conscious regarding sustainable development. We
must show our boldness towards rejecting any development that does not sustain
for long term.
13. There might be some development projects ongoing in your locality that threats the concept of sustainable development. Visiting that site, identify the sectors that have to be reformed.
Answer: I am from Kavre district. All the
villages and municipality areas lie in the hilly region. It lies in Bagmati
zone and is very near to capital city, but so many areas suffer from the
misfortune of lying in the rural area.
After a long awaited patience and pressure,
road construction project is taking place there. It has been identified that a
"B' class construction company called Himali Builders and Developers Co.
Ltd. has got the contract to complete the local road construction. The road
network connects several villages of about seven village development
committees, where the people were almost hopeless of getting road links. It is
approximately of 100 kms. From the district headquarter the road construction
is taking place at the northern east lying in the border of Sindhupalchowk and
Ramechhap districts. It is definitely such a project of positive optimism and
the villagers are getting delighted of their forthcoming future days. But many
people who do not know the fact is that the construction company has not been
serious on environmental issues. Some educated people have reported the fact
that there came no any experts or engineers for making effective survey and
technical Instruction. In the name of construction, the trees have been
mercilessly destroyed. It is said that some people of vested interest took some
unfair advantage of those trees for their personal sake. The road tracks have
been reported of building narrower for at least two vehicles to pass by.
As we learnt about these drawbacks, some of
the young educated fellow being, originally belonging to one of these villages,
had visited there. One of the fellow who had studied engineering in the capital
city showed some serious concern after going through some paper documents of
the project. My friend made few queries to the concerned authority available in
the project site about some technical aspects whish were not fulfilled as per
the agreement made with the government.
He objected on the way the trees were so randomly
and unnecessarily destroyed. He also inquired on the disappearance of the
engineers and technicians in the site area.
Similarly,
my friend advised to make a fulfilment of, the width criteria of minimum five
metres. He also pointed out and inquired for the reason on delaying for the
construction of time length, because the contractor had seemed delaying the
project without reason just completing 10 percent in two years period. A
regular survey and technical assistance is required but that was not provided
there. He pointed out that mistake and alarmed for its effective and efficient
acceleration.
14. When and where was the UN Conference on the Human and Environment held first?
Answer: The UN Conference on the Human
and Environment was first held in 5-16 June, 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden.
15. Mention an objective of Sustainable Development
Answer: To assist the community in
alleviation of poverty is an objective of Sustainable Development.
16. When was the concept of Sustainable Development introduced?
Answer: The
concept of Sustainable Development was introduced in 1987 AD.
17. Write a characteristic of Sustainable Development.
Answer: A characteristic of sustainable
development is it helps in sustainable management of means and resources
available locally.
18. What is "Our Common Future"?
Answer: "Our Common Future" is
the concept of Sustainable Development as its prime principle.
19. State Nepal's agenda for sustainable development, 2060
Answer: The overall goal of sustainable
development is to mitigate poverty by availing fundamental means to at least
the present citizens and future generation, as well as actively generate and
create opportunities in social, economic, political, cultural and ecological
sectors.
20. What should be considered most for Sustainable Development? Describe
Answer: Sustainable development is the
concept of development that promotes environmental preservation and optimum
utilization of means and resources. It encourages for development without
destruction of nature in large.
The
following things should be considered most for sustainable development.
a.
Environmental balance should be kept in priority so that it reduces destruction
of nature in the name of development. The originality of environment should be
maintained for preserving nature for the people of upcoming generations, too.
b. The
environment is composed of biotic and abiotic factors in the nature. Protection
of biodiversity breeds the new one and fulfils the need of its consumers.
Besides, it maintains the nature.
c.
Conservation of forest and other resources is essential for sustainable
development. Protecting forest protects all other resource in the environment.
d.
Development made once should meet the needs of people for long. They should be
durable and maintainable. Long-term development reduces the over expenses in
the name of development.
21. Explain the advantages of Sustainable Development.
Answer: Long-term development simply means
sustainable development. It emphasizes on protecting the nature as well.
The
advantages of sustainable development are depicted below.
a.
Sustainable management of locally available means and resources
b. Handing
over safe future to the new generation
c. Emphasis
on reuse, recycle and renew approaches
d.
Conservation of environment
e. Assuring
high and appropriate economic growth
f.
Justifiable distribution of resources
g. Control
consumerist culture
h.
Achievement, mobilization and conservation of resources
22. What should we emphasize more while launching projects according to the concept of sustainable development?
Answer: Proper interaction of human beings
with the nature creates development and the way it is performed determines the
sustainability of development. In general, ecofriendly conducts make sure for
the execution of sustainable development.
To launch
any projects according to the concept of sustainable development, we should
emphasize the following matters.
a. The need of development should not be
pricier than the preservation of environment. The less care we pay, the more
destruction we bear. So, development should be within the limit of preservation
of nature.
b. More
should be benefitted from the development that also preserves the nature.
c. Proper
testing and experiment on the possibility of loss should be made before
starting the projects.
d.
Management of residential sites should be done in the way that it does not harm
them in any way.
e. Proper
management of disposal should be done accordingly.
23. Choose one of the projects going on in your community and present your ideas to operate the project according to the principles of sustainable development. You may take support of the following subtitles.
As a
resident of SaniArjun Municipality, Ward no - 3, Madanpur. Jhapa, I present the
details in the following ways.
a. Name
of the project: Arjundhara Khanepani Yojana
b. Location:
Saniarjun Municipality, Ward no-3, Jhapa
c. Objectives
To supply
pure drinking water to the people of Saniarjun Municipality
d. Conditions
of public participation
As the
project has been supported by the District Development Committee and Saniarjun
Municipality financially and technically for fifty percent of the investment,
there will be fifty percent borne by the local people. A special operation
committee is formed from among the consumers and everything regarding the
project will be decided by the group.
e. Expected
capital
About 15
lakhs of the capital is expected for the project and 50% of which will be
managed by the District Development Committee and the Saniarjun Municipality.
Rest of the funds is generated from the local people and their contribution of
labor.
f. Duration
of the project
Tentatively
the project is supposed to be completed in the duration of 12 months from the
date of its beginning.
g. Targeted
group
The local
people of Saniarjun Municipality are the targeted group of the project.
h. Alternatives
to minimize possible environmental hazards
Arjundhara
Khanepani Yojana is constructed to supply pure drinking water to the residents
of Saniarjun Municipality. It covers an area of about 400 sq. km. and fulfils
the need of about 250000 people living in the municipality.
To minimize possible environmental hazards in
the area due to the project, the following policy is followed.
a. By the
involvement of the experts, there will be a detail survey made to estimate the
possible situation of destruction.
b. Very
scientific tools and technologies are used to find the geo- physical situation
of the area and programmes are determined accordingly.
c.
Protection of nature and its bio-physical diversity is considered important and
is given top propriety.
Summary
Sustainable Development:
Raising the
condition of a place or the country prioritizing both aspects like development
and environment with wise and sensible consumption of natural resources of the
earth is called sustainable development.
Development: Change in the state of
infrastructures, improvement in socio-cultural aspects, and use of scientific
and technological tools, economic growth etc. together means the development.
Infrastructure
of Development: The
basic systems and services those are necessary for a country or an organization
to run smoothly, for example- buildings, transport, power and water supplies
etc. stand for infrastructures of development.
Objectives
of Sustainable Development:
a. To
support in poverty alleviation
b. To
develop and progress in humanity
c. To make
sure for effective conversation of environment
d. To make
optimum consumption of available means and resources
e. To have
high, stable and long-term economic growth
f. To
maintain social justice for needy, differently-able and women
Characteristics
of Sustainable Development:
a. Helps in
sustainable management of means and resources
b. Assists
in handing over safe and secured future
c. Prioritizes
for environmental conservation
d. Facilitates
mobilization and conservation of means and resources
e. Regulates
the consumerists culture
f. Promotes
wide and high economic growth
g. Encourages
for renewing, recycling and reusing resources and promotes them
Dimensions
of Sustainable Development:
- Economic Status
- Socio-cultural Aspects
- Effective and accountable administration
- Political Situation
- Humanity based activities
- Preserved Environment